Fasting Plasma Glucose and Colorectal Cancer

Hidetaka Itoh, Hidehiro Kaneko, Akira Okada, Yuichiro Yano, Kojiro Morita, Hikari Seki, Hiroyuki Kiriyama, Tatsuya Kamon, Katsuhito Fujiu, Satoshi Matsuoka, Sunao Nakamura, Nobuaki Michihata, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Akira Nishiyama, Koichi Node, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 106, Issue 11, November 2021, Pages e4448–e4458
https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab466

Abstract

Context

Although diabetes mellitus (DM) was reported to be associated with incident colorectal cancer (CRC), the detailed association between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and incident CRC has not been fully understood.

Objective

We assessed whether hyperglycemia is associated with a higher risk for CRC.

Design

Analyses were conducted using the JMDC Claims Database [n = 1 441 311; median age (interquartile range), 46 (40–54) years; 56.6% men). None of the participants were taking antidiabetic medication or had a history of CRC, colorectal polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease. Participants were categorized as normal FPG (FPG level < 100 mg/dL; 1 125 647 individuals), normal-high FPG (FPG level = 100–109 mg/dL; 210 365 individuals), impaired fasting glucose (IFG; FPG level = 110–125 mg/dL; 74 836 individuals), and DM (FPG level ≥ 126 mg/dL; 30 463 individuals).

Results

Over a mean follow-up of 1137 ± 824 days, 5566 CRC events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, the hazard ratios for CRC events were 1.10 (95% CI 1.03–1.18) for normal-high FPG, 1.24 (95% CI 1.13–1.37) for IFG, and 1.36 (95% CI 1.19–1.55) for DM vs normal FPG. We confirmed this association in sensitivity analyses excluding those with a follow-up of< 365 days and obese participants.

Conclusion

The risk of CRC increased with elevated FPG category. FPG measurements would help to identify people at high-risk for future CRC.

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