Rain Yamamoto, Majken K Jensen, Sarah Aroner, Jeremy D Furtado, Bernard Rosner, Frank B Hu, Beverley Balkau, Andrea Natali, Ele Ferrannini, Simona Baldi, Frank M Sacks
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 106, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages e2928–e2940
https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab234
High density lipoprotein (HDL) in humans is composed of a heterogeneous group of particles varying in protein composition as well as biological effects.
We investigated the prospective associations between HDL subspecies containing and lacking apolipoprotein (apo) C-III at baseline and insulin sensitivity at year 3.
A prospective cohort study of 864 healthy volunteers drawn from the relationship between insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease (RISC) study, a multicenter European clinical investigation, whose recruitment initiated in 2002, with a follow-up of 3 years.
Insulin sensitivity was estimated from an oral glucose tolerance test at baseline and year 3, and by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp at baseline only. The apolipoprotein concentrations were measured at baseline by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based method.
The 2 HDL subspecies demonstrated significantly opposite associations with insulin sensitivity at year 3 (P-heterogeneity = 0.004). The highest quintile of HDL containing apoC-III was associated with a 1.2% reduction in insulin sensitivity (P-trend = 0.02), while the highest quintile of HDL lacking apoC-III was associated with a 1.3% increase (P-trend = 0.01), compared to the lowest quintile. No significant association was observed for total HDL, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) containing apoC-III. ApoC-III contained in HDL was associated with a decrease in insulin sensitivity even more strongly than plasma total apoC-III.
Both HDL containing apoC-III and apoC-III in HDL adversely affect the beneficial properties of HDL on insulin response to glucose. Our results support the potential of HDL-associated apoC-III as a promising target for diabetes prevention and treatment.
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