Hypothyroidism Comorbidity Networks

Ferran Moratalla-Navarro, Victor Moreno, Flora López-Simarro, Alba Aguado
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 106, Issue 3, March 2021, Pages e1179–e1190
https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa927

Abstract

Purpose

Multimorbidity impacts quality of life. We constructed hypothyroidism comorbidity networks to identify positive and negative associations with other prevalent diseases.

Methods

We analyzed data of 285,342 patients with hypothyroidism from 3,135,948 adults with multimorbidity in a population-based study in Catalonia, Spain, (period: 2006–2017). We constructed hypothyroidism comorbidity networks using logistic regression models, adjusted by age and sex, and for men and women separately. We considered relevant associations those with odds ratios (OR) >1.2 or <0.8 and P value < 1e-5 to identify coexistence greater (or smaller) than the expected by the prevalence of diseases. Multivariate models considering comorbidities were used to further adjust OR values.

Results

The conditions associated included larynx cancer (adjusted OR: 2.48), congenital anomalies (2.26), thyroid cancer (2.13), hyperthyroidism (1.66), vitamin B12/folate deficiency anemia (1.57), and goiter (1.56). The network restricted to men had more connections (mental, cardiovascular, and neurological) and stronger associations with thyroid cancer (7.26 vs 2.55), congenital anomalies (5.11 vs 2.13), hyperthyroidism (4.46 vs 1.69), larynx cancer (3.55 vs 1.67), and goiter (3.94 vs 1.64). After adjustment for comorbidities, OR values were more similar in men and women. The strongest negative associations after adjusting for comorbidities were with HIV/AIDS (OR: 0.71) and tobacco abuse (0.77).

Conclusions

Networks show direct and indirect hypothyroidism multimorbidity associations. The strongest connections were thyroid and larynx cancer, congenital anomalies, hyperthyroidism, anemia, and goiter. Negative associations included HIV/AIDS and tobacco abuse. The network restricted to men had more and stronger associations, but not after adjusting for comorbidities, suggesting important indirect interactions.

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