Press Release

Autoimmune diseases are related to each other, some more than others, study finds

New Orleans, LA March 24, 2019

Researchers using the world’s largest twin registry to study seven autoimmune diseases found the risk of developing the seven diseases is largely inherited, but that some diseases are more closely related than others. These results will be presented Sunday at ENDO 2019, the Endocrine Society’s annual meeting in New Orleans, La.

“These results contribute to our understanding of what causes autoimmunity and how autoimmune diseases are related,” said Jakob Skov, M.D., the study’s lead investigator and a Ph.D. student at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. “We examined the risk of acquiring not only one specific disease, but any one in a cluster of conditions. The findings may be helpful in patient education and autoimmune risk counselling.”

Autoimmune diseases tend to run in families. The basis of twin studies is to examine concordance rates—the likelihood of both twins in a pair having the same disease. Higher concordance rates in identical than in non-identical twins point to genetic influence. This information is typically used to calculate heritability—a measure of how much of the variation in disease risk is due to genetic factors. Skov and his co-workers also looked at the likelihood of both twins in a pair having different autoimmune diseases—which they named “pseudoconcordance” - and compared these rates to measure autoimmune clustering.

By using data on 116,320 twins from the Swedish Twin Registry, which is managed by the Karolinska Institute, they found that Addison’s disease, a type of adrenal insufficiency; celiac disease, or gluten intolerance; and type 1 diabetes, are strongly influenced by genes with heritability greater than 85 percent, while environmental factors contribute to disease for Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism, a form of underactive thyroid; the skin disease vitiligo; Graves’ disease, an overactive thyroid; and atrophic gastritis, a chronic inflammation of the stomach.

Autoimmune clustering was high in Addison’s disease and vitiligo, the researchers found, but low in celiac disease.

“Our results indicate that Addison´s disease and vitiligo often overlap with other disorders, whereas celiac disease more rarely associates with the other diseases,” Skov said.

Funding for this research came from the County Councils of Varmland and Stockholm, Swedish Society for Medical Research, Ake Wiberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Torsten Soderberg and Ragnar Soderberg Foundations, Novo Nordisk Foundation, and EU Horizon 2020.

About Endocrine Society

Endocrinologists are at the core of solving the most pressing health problems of our time, from diabetes and obesity to infertility, bone health, and hormone-related cancers. The Endocrine Society is the world’s oldest and largest organization of scientists devoted to hormone research and physicians who care for people with hormone-related conditions.

The Society has more than 18,000 members, including scientists, physicians, educators, nurses, and students in 122 countries. To learn more about the Society and the field of endocrinology, visit our site at www.endocrine.org. Follow us on X (formerly Twitter) at @TheEndoSociety and @EndoMedia.

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